According to Vitalik Buterin, a simplified mathematical model was presented to determine optimal timing for transitioning to stage 2 in crypto governance structures. The model assumes each security council member has an independent 10% chance of failure, covering both liveness and safety risks. This quantitative approach offers traders insight into protocol upgrade timing and risk exposure, which is critical for evaluating governance token positions and yield strategies. Source: Vitalik Buterin on Twitter (May 5, 2025).